Petroleum contaminated soil does not appear to be toxic to plants or invertebrates. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other. The remediation of contaminated soil, groundwater, and surface water. Metal contamination can be carried with soil particles get carried away. Phytoremediation applications for removing heavy metal. Phytoremediation of tannery effluent by water hyacinth gjra, vol 4,2015. After that, bioremediation is started to efficiently clean the soil. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Pivetz background the epa regional ground water forum is a. As a result, plant molecular geneticists have introduced foreign genes into populars, over expressing sequestration genes, obtained, for example, from fungi, bacteria, and other plants. Epas technology innovation office tio provided a grant through the national network for environmental management studies nnems to prepare a technology assessment report on the use of bioremediation and phytoremediation for the cleanup of pesticide contaminated sites. Phytoremediation is an emerging cleanup technology for contaminated soils, groundwater, and wastewater that is both lowtech and lowcost.
Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. This innovation has developed as a more practical, noninvasive, and freely satisfactory approach to address the expulsion. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient, or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of five applications. Technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites us epa. Development of profitable phytoremediation of contaminated. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites the purpose of this issue paper is to provide a concise discussion of the processes associated with the use of phytoremediation as a cleanup or containment technique for remediation of hazardous waste sites. This emerging technology uses green plants to remove organic pollutants, toxic heavy metals, or excess minerals from contaminated soil or water. Pdf phytoremediation of the metalloid selenium in soil and water. Good soil will result when phytoremediation plants clean contaminated soil. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites epa uses a variety of technologies to ensure contaminants are either removed from a site or treated so they no longer pose a threat to human health and the environment. Phy toremediation of contaminated soils is generally belie ved to be effective through one or more of the follow. The soil is agitated in a purifying water solution containing interface active agent, then separated from the oils. Role of phytoremediation in reducing cadmium toxicity in soil and.
Best of all, their longterm growth provides effective protection against erosion and the spread of contaminated soil by wind and water. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant characteristics. Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with axonopus compressus in the niger delta region of nigeria open access nr 61 figure 1. It grows fig better on low, wet soils than do other grasses. Out of the plant species that have shown efficient tnt uptake, there are only a few that can do so in a variety of environments, which is imperative in case of contaminants that are widespread,suchastntandrdx. The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of active remediation. Good soil lacks contaminants and provides trace minerals and key components for plant growth. Soil phytoremediation is a technology using plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove various pollutants from contaminated soils 5,8,14. The objective of this work is to put on view phytoremediation as a technological helpful alternative for cleaning contaminated soils. Ground water issue phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites national risk management research laboratory subsurface protection. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Bagga d, peterson s 2001 phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil as affected by the chelating agent edta and different levels of soil ph. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soils. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically.
The utilization of terrestrial, aquatic and semiaquatic plants to remediate contaminated soil or water is known as phytoremediation. Remediation winter, 7785 baker a, brooks r 1989 terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate heavy elements. Phytoremediation is the use of vegetation for in situ treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and water. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. High concentrations of contaminants roughly 5% or more. Summary and outlook phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Phytoextraction and phytostabilization are the two techniques most useful for phytoremediation of metal and metalloid contaminated soils. For example, phytoremediation will take longer where. In this strategy, the owners of contaminated sites possibly cost nothing, but obtain income through selling. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater.
Introduction to phytoremediation contaminated site clean. Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with. An evaluation of edible plant extracts for the phytoremediation of lead contaminated water 723. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground. Heavy metal hazardous waste water hyacinth heavy metal contamination brassica. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical.
Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Pdf the use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants. Pdf w links2109k add to acs chemworx sponsored access rhizosphere ecology. First place student essay phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of soil contamination by hydrocarbon. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical amendments. Consequently, erosion of the spoil heaps by wind and water.
Phytoremediation is the ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the contaminated soils and water bodies and to metabolize molecules in their tissues appears very promising method for removal of pollutants from the soil and water gurbisu and alkorta, 2003. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. Results of research and development into phytoremediation processes and techniques. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. The cleanup technology is defined as the use of green plants to remove, contain, or render harmless such environmental contaminants as heavy metals, trace elements, organic compounds, and radioactive compounds in soil or water. Phytoremediation of metalcontaminated soils springerlink. Phytoremediation, being more costeffective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches, has gained increasing popularity in. In this paper, with dis cussion of the characteristics, mechanisms and development of phytoremediation, we suggested a profitable phytore mediation strategy using biofuel crops for both utilization and remediation of contaminated soil. Heavy metal contamination results either from the direct water source or through biomagnification. At the experimental stage, bioremediation alone has been able to turn contaminated soil into soil. Due to increased contamination of soil by toxic metal components, it is. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Edenspace systems developed an arsenic phytoremediation technology, using edenfern, for in situtreatment of soils contaminated with cca. The presence of toxic organics in the soil and surrounding water bodies constitutes potential threats to humans and the ecosystem.
Spatial distribution of flare sitesacid rain in niger delta. Soil pollution from the discharge of petroleum and its products is among the most extensive environmentally damaging pollution problem in the world today. Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants acs. Huang plantbased remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination by organic. Phytoextraction has been widely studied, mainly due to the potential for high efficiency and possible economic value in metal recovery, energy production 3,23,24,48,50,51. And many contaminants can be expensive and require a great deal of time to remove from toxic soil. Plants also take up contaminated water and remove pesticides from soil. Introduction to phytoremediation phytoremediation is a broad term that has been in use since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media mccutcheon 2003.
Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Emerging and green technology for the uptake of 3 cadmium from the contaminated soil by plant species, international journal of environmental sciences,vol 4, 20. Phytoremediation is an emerging remediation technology that has promise as a means of treating contaminated ground and surface water and soils. Phytoremediation uses plants to cleanup contaminated soil and groundwater, taking advantage of plants natural abilities to take up, accumulate, andor degrade constituents of their soil and water environments. However, there was no report about using vetiver grass for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with tce. Phytoremediation is also a potentially profitable technology as the resulting biomass can be used for heat and energy production in specialized facilities. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated waters to improve water quality. No other method of arsenic remediation offers such great potential for recovering captured arsenic. Pdf phytoremediation and bioremediation of pesticide. Phytoremediation is the best technique among other conventional methods to treat contaminated sites. Remediation of contaminated soils with green plants. Phytoremediation is a biological technology process that utilizes natural plant processes to enhance degradation and removal of contaminants in contaminated soil or groundwater. Phytoremediation is an inexpensive technology compared with conventional methodology, funding for the restoration of contaminated soil 10 times cheaper or save.
Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. At the dawn of the year 2000 22, soil and water pollution was identified as one of the biggest problems for the health of human beings and their environment, and they claimed that the emerging plantbased remediation technology, phytoremediation, was one. United states environmental protection i agency office of research and development office of solid waste and emergency response epa540s01500 february 2001 vepa ground water issue qshs9 us epa office of researcn aid development phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites bruce e. Phytoremediation is a technology using a process or plant vegetation to remove and restore the land or waters that have been contaminated by pollutants melethia et al. Contaminants, phytoremediation, plant, pollution, water bodies, metals. Pdf ground water issue phytoremediation of contaminated. Pdf environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and. The bioremediation and phytoremediation of pesticide. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination. However, the technologies for heavy metal contaminated soil has met mixed success because of. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils sciencedirect. However, it is considered as a slow form of remediation, as plants take. It is an inexpensive, environmentally safe technique that can remove cadmium cd from contaminated soil and water through different processes, such as phytoextraction, phytosequestration, and phytostimulation. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates.
717 21 660 928 1047 369 622 1410 802 867 1166 899 295 1164 1546 685 156 357 214 1333 1316 637 195 1487 1359 749 1074 346 704 1367 1408 1330 931